1. Ka'idoji na asali da akidar shiryarwa na zane:
(1) Aiwatar da akidar shiryarwa ta "mai son jama'a";
(2) Aiwatar da manufar samar da aminci na "lafiya da farko, rigakafin farko";
(3) Zaɓi kayan aiki tare da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, babban inganci, aminci da aminci, da sauƙin aiki da kiyayewa;
(4) Zaɓi dabarun ma'adinai masu ma'ana da tsare-tsaren haɓakawa da sufuri, ƙoƙarin tabbatar da amincin fasaha da daidaiton tattalin arziki, tare da guje wa haɗarin muhalli yayin haɓakawa da amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai.
2. Babban abun ciki na zane ya hada da tsarin samarwa da tsarin taimako, wanda aka raba zuwa sassa uku masu zuwa:
(1) Ma'adinai:
Ƙayyadaddun iyaka na ma'adinai na bude-rami;
Ƙayyade hanyoyin haɓakawa da hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai;
Zaɓin tsarin samarwa;
Tabbatarwa da zaɓin ƙarfin kayan aikin samarwa (ban da sarrafa tama da kayan sufuri na waje da wurare).
(2) Tsarin taimako:
Babban tsarin sufuri na yankin ma'adinai;
Ma'adinan wutar lantarki, kula da injin, samar da ruwa da magudanar ruwa, dumama;
Gina sassan ma'adinai da samar da wuraren zama;
Tsaftar aminci da masana'antu;
Kariyar muhalli a wuraren hakar ma'adinai.
(3) Kiyasin zuba jari da fa'idojin tattalin arziki na kamfani.
Dangane da bayanan da ake ciki da kuma halin da ake ciki na hakar ma'adinai na yanzu, bayan shawarwari tare da mai shi, wannan zane kawai yana ba da cikakken tsari don aikin hakar ma'adinai.Wuraren taimako (kamar kula da injina, kula da motoci, kula da lantarki, samar da ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki, sufuri na waje da sadarwa a wurin hakar ma'adinai) da wuraren jin daɗi kawai ana ƙididdige su ne kawai.Mai shi yana gudanar da gyare-gyaren fasaha masu dacewa dangane da kayan aiki na asali idan aka kwatanta da zane don saduwa da buƙatun ƙira.Wannan ƙirar kawai ya haɗa da ƙididdigan kasafin kuɗi a cikin jimillar zuba jari don kimanta kuɗi da nazarin tattalin arziki.
3. Matakan rigakafi a cikin ƙira:
Hanyoyin magani don goaf
Don ma'adinan farar ƙasa, bayan an rufe ramin, ana iya aiwatar da dashen bishiya ko sake noma bayan an rufe ƙasa.
Matakan don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na ƙarshe na ma'adinan buɗaɗɗen ramin da hana rushewar gangara
(1) Gudanar da hakar ma'adinai bisa ga sigogin ƙira masu dacewa kuma saita dandamali na aminci a cikin lokaci.
(2) Don fashewa a kusa da jihar iyakar ta ƙarshe, ana amfani da fashewar fashewar da ake sarrafawa don kiyaye amincin babban dutsen da kwanciyar hankali na jihar kan iyaka.
(3) A kai a kai duba kwanciyar hankali na gangara da jahohin kan iyaka, kuma da sauri tsaftace duwatsun da ke iyo.Masu tsaftacewa su sa kwalkwali na tsaro, ɗaure bel ɗin tsaro ko igiyoyin tsaro.
(4) Gina magudanar ruwa a wuraren da suka dace a wajen wurin hakar ma'adinai da magudanan magudanan ruwa na wucin gadi a cikin wurin hakar ma'adinan don kawar da tarin ruwa a kan lokaci, don guje wa rugujewar gangare sakamakon nutsewar ruwa.
(5) Don raunin dutsen gangaren dutse, kamar gangaren ƙasa, gangaren yanayin yanayi, gangaren yanki mai karye, da raunin tsaka-tsaki, hanyoyin ƙarfafawa kamar feshin anka, katako na turmi, da harbin bindiga ana ɗaukar su.
Rigakafin haɗari na lantarki da matakan kariya na walƙiya
Akwai ƙarancin kayan aikin lantarki da yawa a cikin ma'adanai.Domin hana afkuwar girgizar wutar lantarki, yakamata a dauki matakai kamar haka:
(1) Sanya na'urorin kariya masu aminci, shingen ƙarfe a tagogi, da alamun gargaɗin aminci a cikin ɗakin janareta;
(2) Ƙara hasken gaggawa na cajin ma'adinai ɗaya da na'urar kashe gobara 1211 a cikin ɗakin janareta;
(3) Bude kofar dakin janareta a waje don saukaka tserewa;
(4) Sauya wasu layukan da abin rufe fuska na tsufa, gyara layukan da ba daidai ba, da tsara layukan wutar lantarki a cikin ɗakin janareta don tabbatar da tsari;Layukan da ke wucewa ta cikin dakin auna suna buƙatar rabuwa kuma ba za a iya haɗa su tare ba, kuma a kiyaye su tare da hannayen riga;
(5) Gyaran lokaci da maye gurbin na'urorin lantarki marasa lahani akan rukunin rarraba;
(6) Samar da kayan aiki masu saurin kamuwa da haɗari na inji tare da na'urorin rufe gaggawa.Lokacin tsaftacewa da goge kayan aiki, an haramta shi sosai don kurkura da ruwa ko goge kayan lantarki da zane mai ɗanɗano don hana gajeriyar kewayawa da girgiza wutar lantarki;
(7) Matakan aminci don kula da lantarki:
Aiwatar da tsarin tikitin aiki, tsarin izinin aiki, tsarin kula da aiki, katsewar aiki, canja wuri, da tsarin ƙarewa don kula da kayan lantarki.
Ya kamata ma'aikata masu sadaukarwa su kula da ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, ta yin amfani da kayan aikin da keɓaɓɓun hannaye, tsaye akan busassun kayan rufewa, sa safar hannu da kwalkwali na aminci, da sanye da riguna masu dogon hannu.An haramta shi sosai don amfani da kayan aiki kamar fayiloli, masu mulki na ƙarfe, da goge ko ƙura da abubuwan ƙarfe.Don aiki akan akwatunan rarraba ƙarancin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki, yakamata a cika tikitin aiki.Lokacin aiki akan ƙananan injuna masu ƙarancin wuta da da'irori masu haske, ana iya amfani da sadarwa ta magana.Aƙalla mutane biyu ne za su yi aikin da ke sama.
Matakan aminci don ƙarancin wutar lantarki na kewaye:
(1) Cire haɗin wutar lantarki na duk bangarorin kayan aikin kulawa, cire fuse (fuse), kuma rataya wata alama a kan ma'ajin aikin sauyawa yana cewa "Babu kunnawa, Wani yana Aiki!".
(2) Kafin aiki, ya zama dole don duba wutar lantarki.
(3) Ɗauki wasu matakan tsaro kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Bayan maye gurbin fis bayan katsewar wutar lantarki, ya kamata a sa safar hannu da tabarau yayin ci gaba da aiki.
Bukatun don amintaccen tazara: Matsakaicin tazara tsakanin ƙananan layukan kan wuta da gine-gine.
Yankin kariyar layin wutar lantarki shine yankin da aka ƙirƙira ta jimlar matsakaicin matsakaicin nisa a kwance na gefen waya bayan karkacewar iska da kuma nisan aminci a kwance daga ginin bayan karkacewar iska, tsakanin layi biyu masu layi daya.1-10kv shine 1.5m.Nisa na yankin kariya na kebul na wutar lantarki shine yanki tsakanin layi guda biyu masu layi daya da aka samar da 0.75m a bangarorin biyu na kasa na layin wutar lantarki na karkashin kasa.Babban layin watsa wutar lantarki ya kamata ya zama mafi girma fiye da mafi girman nau'ikan kayan aikin injiniya daban-daban da fiye da 2m, kuma layin watsawar ƙarancin wutar lantarki ya kamata ya zama mafi girman ɓangaren nau'ikan kayan aikin injin sama da 0.5m.Matsakaicin nisa tsakanin masu jagoranci da gine-gine: a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin ƙididdiga na sag, don layin 3-10kV, kada ya zama ƙasa da 3.0m;Kuma saduwa da buƙatun "Dokokin Tsaro don Ƙarfe da Ma'adinan da ba na ƙarfe ba" (GB16423-2006).
Mafi ƙarancin nisa daga waya zuwa ƙasa ko saman ruwa (m)
Mafi ƙarancin nisa daga waya ta gefe zuwa gini
Dole ne a tsara wuraren kariya na walƙiya daidai daidai da abubuwan da suka dace na "Lambar don Ƙirƙirar Kariyar Hasken Gine-gine".
Gine-gine na ma'adinai da sifofi za a ɗauki su azaman kariyar walƙiya ta Class III.Dukkan gine-gine da gine-gine masu tsayin mita 15 zuwa sama, za a samar musu da ragar kariya ta walƙiya da bel, wasu daga cikinsu kuma za a ba su sandar walƙiya don kariya.
Dakunan janareta na ma'adanan, layukan sama, dakunan ajiyar kayayyaki, da tankunan ajiyar mai sune manyan abubuwan kariya na walƙiya, kuma yakamata a sanya wuraren kariya na walƙiya.
Matakan rigakafi don haɗari na inji
Raunin injina galibi yana nufin raunin da ke haifarwa ta hanyar tuntuɓar kai tsaye tsakanin sassa masu motsi (na tsaye), kayan aiki, da sassa na kayan aikin injina da na jikin ɗan adam, kamar su tsinke, karo, yanke, cuɗewa, murɗawa, niƙa, yanke, soka, da sauransu. Sassan watsawa da aka fallasa (kamar flywheel, bel na watsawa, da dai sauransu) da kuma jujjuya sassan motsi na injinan jujjuya kamar injin damfara, na'urorin dutse, loda, da dai sauransu a cikin wannan ma'adanin na iya haifar da lalacewar injina ga jikin ɗan adam.A lokaci guda kuma, raunin injin yana ɗaya daga cikin raunin da aka fi sani da shi a aikin hakar ma'adinai, kuma kayan aikin da ke iya haifar da rauni cikin sauƙi sun haɗa da hakowa, matsewar iska, da kayan jigilar kayayyaki.Babban matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da:
(1) Masu aikin injiniyoyi dole ne su koyi tsarin kayan aiki, ka'idodin aiki, hanyoyin aiki, da sauran ilimin, kuma su fahimci hanyoyin rigakafin haɗari daban-daban yayin aikin kayan aiki.Dole ne ma'aikatan kayan aiki na musamman su wuce kima kuma suyi aiki tare da takaddun shaida.Wadanda ba ma'aikata ba an haramta su sosai daga farawa da sarrafa kayan aiki don guje wa haɗari kamar rauni ko lalacewa.
(2) Ya kamata a shigar da kayan aikin injiniya daidai da littafin kayan aiki da ƙa'idodin da suka dace, kuma murfin kariya na kayan aikin kayan aikin dole ne ya zama cikakke kuma cikakke.
(3) Ya kamata mutane su guje wa kewayon motsi na kayan motsi (kamar motoci, loda, da sauransu) da sanya na'urorin kariya don hana sassa masu motsi daga faɗuwa.
(4) Matakan sarrafa raunin inji sun haɗa da kafa shingen kariya, murfin kariya, tarun kariya ko wasu wuraren kariya don injunan jujjuyawa daban-daban, don ware ɓangarori masu haɗari na jikin ɗan adam da kayan aiki.Ya kamata na'urorin kariya na injina su bi "Bukatun Tsaro don Kariyar Kayayyakin Kayan Aiki" (GB8196-87);Sharuɗɗan Fasaha na Tsaro don Kafaffen Dogon Kayayyakin Masana'antu (GB4053.3-93).
Matakan hana ruwa da magudanar ruwa
Mahaƙar ma'adinan wata ma'adanin buɗaɗɗen ramin tudu ce, tare da mafi ƙarancin hawan ma'adinan na 1210m sama da ƙaramin maƙasudin zaizayar ƙasa.Ruwan cikin ƙasa yana da ɗan tasiri akan hakar ma'adinai, kuma cikar ruwan da ke cikin wurin hakar ma'adinan ya samo asali ne sakamakon ruwan sama na yanayi.Don haka, abin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan aikin magudanar ruwa da na rigakafi shi ne hana tasirin ruwan sama da ruwan sama a kan ma'adinan.
Babban matakan hana ruwa da magudanar ruwa na ma'adinan sun haɗa da: kafa tsangwama da magudanar ruwa a waje da wurin hakar ma'adinai, da kuma saita gangaren 3-5 ‰ akan dandalin aiki don sauƙaƙe magudanar ruwa;Sanya ramukan magudanan ruwa na tsayi da magudanan ruwa a kwance don magudanar ruwa a kan hanyoyi.
Mai hana ƙura
Kura na ɗaya daga cikin manyan hadurran sana'a wajen haƙar ma'adinai.Domin sarrafa yadda ya dace da kubuta daga ƙura da rage tasirin ƙura a kan ma'aikata a kan aikin, wannan aikin yana aiwatar da manufar rigakafi da farko, kuma yana ƙoƙari ya rage yawan ƙurar ƙura a cikin tsari:
(1) Na'urar hakowa za ta kasance tana sanye take da na'urar da za ta kama kura, sannan za a karfafa matakan rigakafin kura kamar iskar iska da feshin ruwa a lokacin hakowa;
(2) Ya kamata a rika shayar da ruwa akai-akai akan manyan hanyoyi don rage fitar da kura yayin jigilar abin hawa;
(3) Bayan fashewar bama-bamai, ba a barin ma'aikata su shiga wurin da bam din ya tashi nan take.Sai bayan ƙura ta ɓata a zahiri za su iya shiga wurin don rage tasirin ƙura;
(4) A kai a kai gudanar da gwajin tattara ƙura a cikin iska a wurin aiki don tabbatar da cewa ƙurar ƙura a cikin iskar wurin aiki ya dace da buƙatun Ƙayyadaddun Ƙirar Ma'aikata don Abubuwa masu haɗari a wurin aiki;
(5) Samar da kayan kariya na sirri ga masu aikin hakar ma'adinai da gudanar da binciken lafiya na yau da kullun ga duk ma'aikata.
Matakan sarrafa amo
Don sarrafa gurɓataccen amo, ya kamata a zaɓi kayan aiki mara ƙarfi kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin ƙira;Shigar da masu yin shiru a kan manyan hayaniyar na'urorin huhu kamar na'urar damfara da na'urorin hakowa;A wuraren hayaniya, ana buƙatar ma'aikata su samar da kayan kariya na sirri kamar na'urar rufe sauti don rage tasirin hayaniya ga ma'aikata.
Matakan tsaro masu fashewa
(1) Lokacin gudanar da ayyukan fashewa, ya zama dole a bi "Dokokin Tsaron fashewar fashewa".Dangane da hanyar fashewa, sikeli, da halaye na ƙasa, bisa ga ƙa'idodin aminci na fashewar fashewar, tilas ne a keɓance iyakar yankin haɗari gwargwadon buƙatun nisan amincin girgizar ƙasa, fashewar girgizar girgizar girgizar ƙasa, da kowane abu mai tashi. nisan aminci.Dole ne a kafa alamun gargaɗin aminci, kuma dole ne a yi aikin faɗakarwa don tabbatar da amincin ma'aikata da dukiyoyi.
(2) Kowace fashewa dole ne ya sami ingantaccen ƙirar fashewar fashewar.Bayan fashewar bama-bamai, dole ne ma'aikatan tsaro su duba yanayin aminci na fuskar aiki da kuma tabbatar da amincin wurin fashewar kafin su ci gaba da aiki.
(3) Dole ne ma'aikatan da ke gudanar da ayyukan fashewar fashewar bama-bamai sun sami horo kan fasahar fashewar fashewar bama-bamai, sun saba da aiki, hanyoyin aiki, da ka'idojin aminci na kayan fashewa, kuma suna riƙe takardar shaida don yin aiki.
(4) An haramta ayyukan fashewa a cikin faɗuwar rana, hazo mai yawa, da tsawa.
(5) Ana sarrafa fashewar fashewar a kusa da iyakar iyakar ta ƙarshe don kiyaye mutuncin dutsen da kwanciyar hankali na jihar kan iyaka.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-14-2023